April 2009 Archives

Someone actually bought CDS on Italy from Milan?

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When stories like this come out, you know there's more than a little bit of trouble afoot. Beyond the strong arm tactics being used by the Milanese government, there is this little nugget:

In 2007, Milan also sold a credit-default swap, exposing itself to the risk that the Republic of Italy might default

What kind of lunatic buys insurance against Italy going bankrupt from an Italian city? 

Snakes = Money ?

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Greg Mankiw raises an idea that Felix Salmon brought to my attention recently:

Imagine that the Fed were to announce that, a year from today, it would pick a digit from zero to 9 out of a hat. All currency with a serial number ending in that digit would no longer be legal tender. Suddenly, the expected return to holding currency would become negative 10 percent.

That move would free the Fed to cut interest rates below zero. People would be delighted to lend money at negative 3 percent, since losing 3 percent is better than losing 10.

Of course, some people might decide that at those rates, they would rather spend the money -- for example, by buying a new car. But because expanding aggregate demand is precisely the goal of the interest rate cut, such an incentive isn't a flaw -- it's a benefit.

Felix suggests such a solution might create an exodus from hundred dollar bills on the day before the number-picking ceremony, and suggests using Zimbabwe-style expiration dates on our currencies instead. 

I made an argument along this tack at a speech tournament earlier this year. I posited that the world should use snakes as money.

(But wait, there's a rationale)

  • Snakes need to be fed. Thus, they have a cost associated with holding them. Consumers are eager to avoid that cost and will likely spend their snake quickly. This will increase aggregate demand.
  • Since the snakes will always need to be fed, there will always be an impetus to spend them quickly, as opposed to plans where an expiration date or "action date" is used, which will create periodic rather than longstanding stimulus. 
  • It would be very difficult and expensive to artificially raise a large enough quantity of snakes to substantively change the money supply.
  • It would be difficult for a government to come after privately held snakes and seize them, as the US government did with gold in 1933. Logistically, a mass snake confiscation program would be hilarious.
  • Snakes make more sense than precious metals as a store of value, since you can actually do something with a snake besides using it as a paperweight (eat it, worship it, be friends with it, use it to protect your home, use snake poo as fertilizer, etc.) 

And below, the image that inspired it all. Those unsure why there is a dog surrounded by a rainbow might want to click here and then here. Beware however, the first click will inform, but the second may offend you if you don't like slightly off-color humor (R rated). 

By the way: I didn't win, nor did I come close. 


A conversational approach to financial journalism

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Minyanville.com helped make it possible for me to be conversant about finance. I remember discovering the site about two weeks into my first internship on Wall Street; I had been tasked with monitoring a status screen and told to continually read the news to help my own understanding. When I first started reading the news on traditional channels like the New York Times business section and Reuters financial news, I felt like I was drowning.

I found Minyanville by chance, and found Todd Harrison's writing there to be immensely helpful to my understanding. At first it was just his writing, but as I started exploring the site I found a collection of writers ("Professors" in Minyanspeak) who have devoted themselves to the craft of finance and are willing to share their experiences.

Imagine me, eighteen years old, essentially dropping in and listening to a collection of the "cool kids" in the finance world talk about their craft with one another and an audience of thousands. I was given the opportunity to both sit down with and chat over the phone with Todd (Toddo) recently, and he shared with me some musings about how Minyanville fits in with the world and how the world fits in with the financial media. 

Thumbnail image for minyanville.png

Minyanville is a finance website built in a new way: with education at its core. Toddo characterizes his experience landing on the derivatives desk at Morgan Stanley rather simply: "I got a Black-Scholes model and a Wall Street Journal and they said, you know, 'here you go'." That experience, to him was "the genesis of understanding that there was a void in the marketplace."

Minyanville has been actively trying to fill that void. One can tell from the way that writers are referred to as "professors" that education is a high priority. There is a wide range of content on the non-degree granting University of Minyanville website aimed at college students looking to expand their awareness.

The content is not organized in a quiz-and-lecture format, which allows students to access the material in a very nonconventional way. This is consistent with an ongoing theme in Minyanville; as Harrison puts it: "The industrial revolution part deux, it's really the need for pretty much every sector in the marketplace, whether it's finance, whether it's media, whether its education, whether it's philanthropy...to reinvent their model."

It's not hard to see how trying to integrate the UMV content into a classroom might lead a professor to examine his model to better serve his students. UMV serves as a great way to "bring reality into the classroom", while simultaneously making sure that students understand that they are reading the opinions of fallible humans rather than the "truth" or the infallible advice of market gods.

The Minyanville approach of providing opinion rather than advice comes clear after I ask Toddo if anyone actually understands the financial machination. He responds "To understand where we are we must appreciate how we got here. So I think that looking at the probability spectrum of what could occur and communicating the risks and rewards to all of the scenarios within a probability spectrum and offering an opinion in the context that it's just that (an opinion) is the greatest value add in the market place, as opposed to telling people what to do."

Indeed many have long been critical of those who offer advice to random audiences rather than opinions. In person, it's clear that Harrison believes there's very little merit in offering advice over the internet, since there is absolutely no way he could know the risk profile of his readership. Further to the point of offering advice without information he offers "I think that's endemic of the mindset that got us into trouble in the first place."

Harrison offers that people should re-examine who they look to for their punditry, arguing that "Many of the pundits that people are looking to for questions on when we're going to get out of this are the same people who didn't see I coming in the first place." This jives very well with a thought passed on by a friend in the asset management industry who offered that oftentimes, once people are validated as pundits in the media mainstream that it's very difficult to get rid of them. Indeed pundits who offered up investment recommendations that failed miserably one month are often back the next recommending new investments with little accountability for their past failings.

On the subject of criticizing unaccountable pundits, there's not much more I can offer. There's already a closet industry built around criticizing CNBC. A point Toddo raises which I think is very thoughtful is that "There is a fair amount of culpability that extends throughout the societal spectrum. (It ranges) from the consumers who overextended on their credit to the financial institutions that engineered the markets to the policymakers who were complicit by acceptance to the CEO of the United States of America." He adds "Nobody was asking questions when the screens were green."

Harrison is hesitant to point out that he and many other Minyans were asking questions when the screens were green. It's been a good thing for me to have these guys as teachers, and to have their thoughts percolating in my brain as I attempt to make sense of the world. I truly hope that Minyanville is representative of a trend in financial journalism, and that more seasoned pros will begin coming out of the woodwork to add valuable perspective and commentary to a confusing world. 

Would it really be that weird if they tried this?

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I guess they call it "satire" because it's really close to reality....

Our president is self employed?

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I was surprised to find that Barack Obama is contributing to a "self-employed" pension account, or SEP IRA. I don't immediately suspect that anything is irregular in his saving for retirement that way, but it's kind of weird to think about the President of the United States as being self-employed. 

I spoke to the folks at Charles Schwab to see if they could determine what constituted "self-employed", since our President worked for both himself and the government in 2008. They referred me to documents that they will now send me in the mail. I look forward to calling the good folks at the IRS at 7:00 when they open to see if they can clarify matters for me. 
It's always interesting to hear people talk about how there is some massive conspiracy at work whenever a significant event occurs...the fact of the matter is that (as shown below by the wonderful comic strip courtesy of XKCD) most of the time these are simply exercises searching for confirming evidence and ignoring that which is contradictory.

The argument that has been advanced (notably by Barry Ritholtz of the Big Picture) that Goldman Sachs somehow orchestrated a transfer of wealth from taxpayers to corporations strictly to take their money seems laughable without proof. To point to the Goldman Sachs pedigree of many treasury officials as proof is (as noted in the comic below) taking confirmation bias to all new levels. 

We can debate the merits of the bailout all day. We will likely agree that it was a fiscally and morally bankrupting exercise in confusing activity with progress. We should probably swap jokes sometime about how ridiculous it is for the management of a company to be raising money strictly to pay its executives, but I think it's just a step too far to assume they were coordinating effectively a theft without first proving it beyond the fact that many treasury officials knew each other.

I suspect Paulson, Kashkari, et al at the treasury are fundamentally good guys trying to do the taxpayer a service. The problem is that they didn't know how. In investigating conspiracy theories, it might first be salient to investigate reality theories. One such reality theory is this: our government is run by people who don't understand finance.

(The right side of the comic is cut off, so click on it to open it up in a pop-up.)

conspiracy_theories.png


I fatefully received David Einhorn's book, fooling some of the people all of the time, in the middle of my midterms week. There is nothing more potentially dangerous than having a thought provoking, extracurricular activity during one of the more critical periods of the school year.

In the book, Mr. Einhorn describes his conflict with a publicly traded company: Allied Capital. Allied is a business development corporation that purports to be in the business of giving loans to small businesses. The company is essentially a flow-through entity which passes investment income and capital gains directly to their shareholders. Essentially, it is a body of investments very similar in structure to a closed end fund.

He details how management used obfuscation, misrepresentation, and imprecise language to effectively flaunt the investor community and damage our markets. His experience with allied makes me wonder If I should broaden the definition of "Financial Journalism" as I investigate it.

Similar to John Edwards' "Two Americas" and my dad's "Three Americas" arguments, I am beginning to think that that metaphor can be perhaps used to represent the distinctions between what I view as distinct varieties of journalism...I will begin publishing entries describing each in detail, but I think I will start (hopefully) with a description of how Mr. Einhorn is very similar to a personality journalist, and how the hedge fund industry is similar to the blogosphere. More to come soon...

I spoke this morning with Sara Schaefer-Munoz who covers the banking sector (and in particular, Barclays) for the Wall Street Journal in London about the way she generates stories, the weather, and the nature of her "beat". 

As I am like to do when given the chance, I shilled for the great weather in Idaho, although at the moment I would trade all the sunshine in the world for some decent Chinese food, of which there is likely significantly more in London. Hearty thanks to Sara for talking to me, and now onto some substantive things about what she said and what I thought while we were talking. 

I think the a very interesting thing that came out of the interview was that she was immediately aware of a proclivity that reporters covering arcane financial topics have to sometimes speak in a mysterious language that is perplexing to ordinary folk. She said "Sometimes we use [phrases] like Tier 1 capital ratio that we have to be careful to explain to the reader or not use at all."

We spoke about a problem brought up by Jim Cramer during his Daily Show interview: reporters don't have subpoena power. Mr. Cramer spoke about having CEOs come onto his show and lie through their teeth to him. She mentioned in response that in many ways it was the reporter's own prerogative to bring an opposing source in that might shed light on what the reporter believed to be the truth. 

I thought it was interesting how she mentioned that stories largely generate themselves on her "beat" since stories about the banking industry are germinated predominantly by catalysts: people making comments, the company releasing earnings, and other events that largely prompt the reporter to generate a story without the intervention of a super-empowered bureau chief or editor. 

I started thinking after this about the allegation that there is in some way an organizational bias within news organizations to cover things that are amenable to that paper's organizational world view. This is a charge that is flung particularly fiercely against Rupert Murdoch's Fox media empire, and when people levy these accusations they often point to Rupert Murdoch. I think this also ties in to less prevalent but still present accusations of widespread bias at CNBC, where the dynamic of the news driving the news is perhaps even more prevalent than a regular organization, due to the data and opinion driven nature of financial journalism. 

The conversation I had with Sara led me to begin to consider large news organizations as bureaucratic empires with some level of institutional control but large amounts of individual prerogative. In these organizational structures, there are people at every level reporting, thinking, filtering, cross-referencing, and writing. How would it be possible for bias to be as pervasive within a media organization as Fox's critics accuse without truly everyone in the organization being biased? It's also interesting to compare the nature of what Sara does to what Felix Salmon does...I think there will be a blog post coming up about that at some point in the future...maybe after midterms week gets done. Forty-eight hours to go....

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